Stem Cells

Where do they Live ?

• Bone marrow
• Adipose Tissue
• Blood (Very Few)
• Joint Tissue(Very Few)
• They are Very Rare Cells(1 in 10000 Marrow Nucleated Cells).
• 60ml marrow aspirate Yields only 70-90 thousands stem cells.
• 10⁷ to 10⁸ required for therapeutic Levels.
• Can be grown in lab to Yield More.

Articular injury is a permanent injury

STEM CELLS IN CARTILAGE REPAIR

• Poor Vascularity..No Healing Potential
• Adult Chondrocytes don't Migrate or replicate to fill defects
• Injury begins an in exorable Cascade of events both Chemical and then Mechanical Leading Toward
       Degenerative joint Disease.
• May Progress to end stage Arthritis